Beginners Guide to Unix

1 UNIX Commands

Editing
	emacs	1.1.1
	ue  (microEmacs)	1.1.2
	pico	1.1.3
	vi	1.1.4
Email
	mutt	1.2.1
	elm	1.2.1
	pine	1.2.2
WWW
	mozilla	1.3
	netscape	1.3
Directories
making	mkdir mine
removing	rmdir mine
changing to	cd mine
listing contents	ls mine
Files
deleting	rm fileA
renaming	mv fileA fileB
copying	cp fileA fileB
moving	mv fileA mine/fileB
viewing	less fileA
comparing two	diff fileA fileB
Printing
to print	lpr -Ptphp fileA
looking at the print queue	lpq -Ptphp
removing a file from the print queue	lprm -Ptphp 123
Help
	man command
Viewing documents
Postscript (.ps)	gv file.ps
	ghostview file.ps
PDF (.pdf)	acroread file.pdf
MS-Word	ooffice file.doc
	staroffice file.doc
Creating Documents
LATEX	latex file.tex	1.4.1
Creating a Postscript file	dvips file.dvi -o file.ps
New windows/terminals
	xterm
	gnome-terminal
Remote machines
Connecting	telnet sune.amtp.liv.ac.uk	1.5
File transfer	ftp sune	1.5
	rcp fileA sune:mydir/fileA	1.5
General/Other
Closing a terminal	exit
List your jobs (programs)	ps
Kill a program that is not responding	kill -9 12345
Run a program in the background	Add an ampersand, &, after
	the command, xterm &
Calculator	xcalc
C Compiler	gcc file.c
Fortran Compiler	f77 file.f
	f95 file.f90
Maple (Computer Algebra)	xmaple
Frequently Asked Questions	1.6

1.1 Editors

Not all of the commands listed below have corresponding key strokes. This might be because the editor doesn't allow the behaviour, or more likely that I don't know the command!

1.1.1 Emacs

Keystrokes that look like 'C-' mean hold down the Control (Ctrl) key and then hit the letter...

Keystrokes that look like 'M-' mean hold down the Alt key and then hit the letter... However if this doesn't work hit the Escape (Esc) key and then hit the letter.

Command	Key Stroke
Open	C-x C-f
Save	C-x C-s
Quit	C-x C-c
Cancel	C-g
Undo	C-_
Check word spelling	M-$
Search	C-s
Replace	M-%
Page Up / Down	PgUp / PgDn
Home / End	M-< / M->
Cut	C-w
Paste	C-y

1.1.2 microEmacs

There is a microEmacs manual online at: http://www.liv.ac.uk/~cmi/ue_help.html

Command	Key Stroke
Open	C-x C-f
Save	C-x C-s
Quit	C-x C-c
Cancel	C-g
Undo
Check word spelling
Search	C-\ or C-s
Replace	M-r or M-C-r
Page Up / Down	C-z / C-v (or PgUp / PgDn)
Home / End	M-< / M->
Cut	C-k
Paste	C-y

1.1.3 Pico

Command	Key Stroke
Open	C-r
Save	C-o
Quit	C-x
Cancel	C-c
Undo
Check word spelling	C-t
Search	C-w
Replace
Page Up / Down	C-y / C-v
Home / End
Cut	C-k
Paste	C-u

1.1.4 Vi

Don't use vi whenever possible.

Command	Key Stroke
Quit	ESC :q!

1.2 Email

1.2.1 mutt and elm

Mutt and elm are very similar programs. Mutt can be thought of as the (much) improved elm.

• To send email press 'm', and follow the prompts till you can enter your message. Depending on the editor you are using you will need to save the message and quit.
• To read email use the up and down arrow keys to highlight the message you want to read and then press 'ENTER'. Use 'q' to quit out of reading the message.
• To quit out of the program entirely use 'q'.

1.2.2 pine

• To send a message press 'c' for Compose.
• To read email you will need to select Folder List then INBOX. Then follow the commands given for mutt and elm.
• To quit, keep hitting '<' until you are at the start screen, then hit 'q'.

1.3 WWW

You will need to set up your WWW browser so that it can talk to the outside world

The generic instructions are at http://www.liv.ac.uk/maths/THEORPHYS/FAQ/answers/netscapeproxy.html

1.3.1 Netscape & Mozilla

• In the Netscape window select the Edit/Preferences menu.
• Select the little triangle symbol to the left of Advanced, then Proxies.
• Select Manual Proxy Configuration then View. You should now get a dialogue box.
• In 'FTP proxy:', put 'wwwcache.liv.ac.uk', then in corresponding 'Port:' put '5128'.
• Put the same entries for 'HTTP Proxy' and 'SSL Proxy'.
• Leave the rest of the top section blank.
• In 'No proxy for', put 'liv.ac.uk,x500.liv.ac.uk'.
• Click OK a couple of times to accept and exit.

1.4 Creating documents

1.4.1 L^ATEX

The Not So Short Introduction to L^ATEX2e: http://people.ee.ethz.ch/~oetiker/lshort/lshort.pdf

1.5 Remote Machines

When you feel comfortable accessing remote machines using telnet or similar, you should then STOP USING IT. There is a reason which will become clear later...

1.6 Our FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)

The address for our FAQ page is: http://www.liv.ac.uk/maths/THEORPHYS/FAQ/

However it can also be accessed by going to the Theoretical Physics group home page and clicking on the 'Help' link: http://www.liv.ac.uk/maths/THEORPHYS/

1.7 Advanced Usage

There are a few tricks and tips that will become useful for you sometime in the future. However as I need to do some research (i.e. my job!), I will write that document sometime later.

1.8 Contact People

If you have questions or problems with the computer system, you can ask the following people for help

• Other graduate students -- they've probably had the same problem,
• Post-Docs -- in particular Stewart (me) and Craig. We've DEFINITELY had the same problem,
• Your supervisor,
• Other members of the group.

2 This document

This document is available via our FAQ page: http://www.liv.ac.uk/maths/THEORPHYS/FAQ/ and my web page http://www.liv.ac.uk/~svwright/papers/unix

If you have any questions or find any errors you can email me: svwright@liv.ac.uk

About this document ...

Beginners Guide to Unix

This document was generated using the LaTeX2HTML translator Version 2002 (1.62)

Copyright © 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, Nikos Drakos, Computer Based Learning Unit, University of Leeds.
Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, Ross Moore, Mathematics Department, Macquarie University, Sydney.

The command line arguments were:
latex2html -no_subdir -split 0 -show_section_numbers /tmp/lyx_tmpdir3357DgsFwv/lyx_tmpbuf0/software_new.tex

The translation was initiated by Stewart Wright on 2003-10-06

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